Atlas of Battles

commander, 7 engagements

Battles of Tolui

Battles of Tolui

son of Genghis Khan and regent of the Mongol Empire (c.1191 – 1232)

Tolui is recorded as a commander at 7 placed engagements in the atlas between 1219 and 1232: 1 battle, 5 sieges and 1 campaign across 6 present-day countries, most in China (2), Kazakhstan (1), Uzbekistan (1). Taken in date order, the sites lie 6,734 km apart end to end, 1,122 km between engagements on average. Most belong to Mongol invasions and conquests (5), Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty (1).

Siege of HeratBattle of SanfengshanMongol invasion of Khwarazmian Empire and Eastern IranSiege of Bukhara (1220)Siege of NishapurSiege of MervSiege of Kaifeng (1232)Mongol invasion of Khwarazmian Empire and Eastern IranSiege of Bukhara (1220)Siege of NishapurSiege of MervSiege of Kaifeng (1232)ChengduÜrümqiKabulTashkentNew Delhi2000 km39.706N, 86.568E
7 placed engagements, coloured by era. Present-day coastlines; ringed marks are the most widely documented.

Engagements by year

1219: 1 engagements1220: 2 engagements2 in 12201221: 2 engagements2 in 12211232: 2 engagements2 in 123212191232
7 dated engagements, one bar per year, coloured by era.

In time order

Mongol invasion of Khwarazmian Empire and Eastern Iran, 1219Siege of Bukhara (1220), 1220Siege of Nishapur, 1220Siege of Herat, 1221Siege of Merv, 1221Siege of Kaifeng (1232), 1232Battle of Sanfengshan, 123212191232
One tick per dated engagement; each tick is a link.

Wars 2

Engagements by date

DateEngagementPlaceFrom the lastResult
1219Mongol invasion of Khwarazmian Empire and Eastern IranCentral Asia, KazakhstanMongol victory
January 1220Siege of Bukhara (1220)Bukhara, Uzbekistan615 km SMongol victory
October 1220Siege of NishapurNishapur, Iran632 km SWMongol victory
1221Siege of HeratHerat, Afghanistan373 km SEMongol victory
March 1221Siege of MervMerv, Turkmenistan370 km NMongol victory
1232Siege of Kaifeng (1232)Kaifeng, People's Republic of China4,628 km EMongol victory; Emperor Aizong flees to Caizhou
1232Battle of SanfengshanSanfeng Mountain, China116 km SWMongol victory

Sources and method

Commanders come from the commander fields of the English Wikipedia infoboxes of these engagements (CC BY-SA 4.0), resolved to one article each; portrait, dates and description from Wikidata (CC0) and Wikimedia Commons, Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Distances are great-circle distances between recorded sites, not marches.